CONTENTS PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 1. Basic Mechanical Measurement 1. 1 Meaning and Importance of Mechanical measurement 1. 2 Measurement system and quantities 2. Basic Principles of Measurements.

 

Surface being analyzed Optical flat Defect.

 

Surface being analyzed Optical flat Defect.

 

Measurement of Mechani cal Quantities, Page 1 Measurement of Mechan ical Quantities Author: John M. Cimbala, Penn State University Latest revision:.

 

- Measurements and Instrumentation -I-INTRODUCTION Measurement ¾ Basic requirements ¾ Significance of measurement ¾ Methods of measurement ¾ Instrument and measurement systems ¾ Evolution of instruments.

 

- Measurements and Instrumentation -I-INTRODUCTION Measurement ¾ Basic requirements ¾ Significance of measurement ¾ Methods of measurement ¾ Instrument and measurement systems ¾ Evolution of instruments.

 

BRIDGES Resistance, Capacitance and Inductance Measurement Principles of Measurement and Instrumentation.

 

Trends in III-V and II-VI Compounds Larger atoms, weaker bon ds, smaller U, smallerEg, higher μ , more costly! 1 ©1999 E. A. Fitzgerald.

 

Determining nand μ: The Hall Effect Vx, Ex ---------.

 

The p-n Junction The Diode • Derivation of ideal diode equation covered in the SMA Device Course • Development here introduces th e fundamental materials concepts p-type.

 

Remaining Issues • Electron wave picture has fixed so me thermal/elect rical properties and electron velocity issues • Still can not explain: – Hall coefficients.

 

! ! ! ! , -. / 0. 1 0 0 0 2 3 4 5 ! 2 3 3 5 ! / 6 0 5 ! / 6 0 5 !. 5 !.

 

Extrinsic Semiconductors • Adding ‘correct’ impurities can lead to controlled domination of one carrier type – n-type is dominated by electrons – p-type if dominated by holes.

 

Magnetic Materials • The inductor ΦB LI Q CV 1 ∂∂ΦB L ∂I ∇×E − CGS ∂t ∂t ∇×EdSc ∂t −1 ∂.

 

Dielectric and Optical Properties • A s with conductivity, we will st art with macroscopic property and connect to the microscopic • A ll aspects of free electrons have b een covered:.

 

Wave-particle Duality: Electrons are not just particles • C ompton, Planck, Einstein – light xrays can be ‘particle-like’ • DeBroglie – matter can act like it has a ‘wave-nature’ • Schrodinger,.

 

3. 225 Magnetic Properties of Materials • P rofessor Eugene Fitzgerald • P urpose: connect atoms and structure to properties • S emi-historical context – What was understood first.

 

Consequence of Electrons as Waveson Free Electron Model • B oundary conditions will produce quantized energies for all free electrons in the material • T wo electrons.

 

Orientational P olarizability • N HC q OHO θ p 0 -q-p For a group of many molecules at some temperature: − U pE cosθ f e.