Male anurans exhibit four alternative behavioral strategies to form an amplexi Pombal-Júnior and Haddad, 2007 : 1 active search for females, 2 displacing.

 

Introduction Many recent amphibian declines are associated with the emergence of a pathogenic fungus, dendrobatidis Bd , that causes the disease in amphibians Berger.

 

Hemidactylus agrius Vanzolini, 1978 Fig. 1 is a little- studied lizard from northeastern Brazil, restricted to the Caatinga Vanzolini, 1978; Vanzolini, Ramos-Costa.

 

The Unkenreflex Hinsche, 1926 is a defensive posture adopted by several amphibians when threatened by predators. Menaced individuals twist their bodies.

 

The vine snake Oxybelis fulgidus Daudin, 1803 is a widely distributed arboreal member of the Colubridae which occurs from Mexico southwards.

 

Frogs in the family Mantellidae form a species- rich radiation, endemic to Madagascar and Mayotte. Despite intensive field work and numerous taxonomic.

 

Of the 49 species of Lithobates currently recognized today, two occur in Brazil SBH, 2010 ; one being native, Lithobates palmipes Spix, 1824 and the other.

 

Introduction Understanding the details of an organism’s life history is important for understanding its role in the ecosystem Bury, 2006; McCallum and McCallum, 2006. Despite.

 

In anuran amphibians, access to calling sites may be one of the determinants of male mating success Kadadevaru and Kanamadi, 2001. Male anurans typically establish.

 

Over the course of their evolution, anurans have colonized a great diversity of microhabit types Pertel et al. , 2006. Most species of amphibians.

 

potential breeding opportunities Maynard Smith and Price, 1973. Aggressive behaviour, however, whether limited to single or multi-modal displays or involving.

 

Introduction Sumatra’s herpetological fauna is poorly known Inger Iskander, 2005; Teynié et al. 2010 and recent herpetological collections have been.

 

Introduction Continental biotas that had been isolated for millions of years were drastically opened to outside influence at the beginning of the Exploration Age Mooney.

 

into commercial, industrial, and residential areas e. g. Shochat et al. , 2006. Habitat loss e. g. Shochat et al. , 2006 is the primary threat to amphibian populations in the Neotropics.

 

Herpetofaunal surveys carried out in the recent past have resulted in the detection of species hitherto unknown from the state of Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

There are several cases of abnormally or uncommonly coloured individuals of amphibians reported in the literature. Amphibian coloration is defined by the disposition of specific epidermal.

 

1 Département de Biologie Animale, Université d’Antananarivo, BP 906. Antananarivo, 101 Madagascar 2 Division of Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, Tech- nical University of Braunschweig,.

 

The endemic Pyrenean frog Rana pyrenaica was originally described from the area of Bujaruelo in the Ordesa and Monte Perdido National Park Serra-Cobo,.

 

Introduction The taxonomy and phylogeny of anurans of the Western Ghats have gained interest among biologists in recent times, but aspects of their breeding.

 

Introduction The Swinhoe’s tree lizard Japalura swinhonis Günther, 1864 is an endemic species in Taiwan, and occurs throughout the island, as well as on the offshore.

 

Introduction Many examples of larval competition among amphibians have been demonstrated in artificial systems Wilbur, 1972; Wilbur, 1982;.

 

The small boa Tropidophis spiritus Hedges and Garrido, 1999 was described on the basis of a single male specimen from Canal Zaza, cacerío Chorrera.

 

Introduction The genus Aspidoscelis ranges from Costa Rica northward through most of the United States Wright, 1993; Reeder, Cole.

 

Introduction Madagascar harbours a rich snake fauna including about 96 species corresponding to the three families of Typhloidae, Boidae, and Lamprophiidae. While.

 

The genus Echinanthera Cope, 1894 occurs in South America Di-Bernardo, 1992 and comprises six Brazilian species Bérnils, 2010. According to Rocha.

 

Introduction Pits or pit-like depressions have been documented in the scales of a variety of snake lineages. Apical pits on scales of the body dorsum.

 

The most common epibionts of crocodiles are ticks, leeches Huchzermeyer, 2003 , and rarely barnacles Monroe and Garrett, 1979. However, there is a lack.

 

The lacertid genus Omanosaura includes only two poorly known species, O. jayakari Boulenger, 1887 and O. cyanura Arnold, 1972 , endemic to the Hajar.

 

The Leptodactylus fuscus Schneider, 1799 species group was first recognized by Heyer 1978 , and it currently comprises 27 species distributed from southern.

 

The two African species of the mainly Asian Boiga complex Squamata: Serpentes: Colubridae are usually considered belonging to the genus Toxicodryas Hallowell, 1857,.

 

Snake defensive behaviour is, in general, poorly understood, although several authors have reviewed the wide range of antipredator strategies employed.

 

Thanatosis meaning ‘putting to death’ in Greek is commonly referred to as Death feigning. Death feigning is a form of defensive behavior, in which an animal.

 

Scinax hiemalis Haddad Pombal, 1987 is a species of the Scinax catharinae group Faivovich et al. 2005. Its type locality is Sousas, district of Campinas.

 

Little is still known on the turtles of the family Chelidae, and undescribed species are currently found Bour and Zaher, 2005. According to Bour and Zaher.

 

The African Green Toad, Bufo boulengeri Lataste, 1879 sensu Stöck et al. , 2006 occurs from the Western Sahara and the Moroccan Atlantic.

 

The Thar Desert is known for its extreme environmental conditions, including a high range of temperature fluctuations, very low precipitation and scanty rains, and xerophytic.

 

monophyly of both groups Slowinski, 1995; Slowinski and Keogh, 2000; Campbell and Lamar, 2004; Feitosa, 2006. Due to its cryptozoic and fossorial habits,.

 

Proceratophrys moratoi Jim Caramaschi, 1980 is a toad endemic to Cerrado, in the central region of São Paulo State, Southeastern Brazil. It has a small size SVL up to 35 mm and occurs.

 

Introduction Habitat loss and forest degradation pose significant threats to terrestrial amphibian populations Fahrig, 2002; Marsh and Beckman, 2004.

 

Introduction There is significant economic incentive for illegal trade of wildlife on an international scale Barnes and Jager, 1995; Lee, 1996; Tisdell,.

 

The Brazil-nut Poison Frog , Adelphobates castaneoticus Caldwell and Myers, 1990 , is a small dendrobatid frog, characterized by black dorsal surfaces of head,.

 

The leopard gecko Eublepharis macularius is a nocturnal ground dwelling gecko distributed in North East Afghanistan, Pakistan and West India, while.

 

The conservation of lizards in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest became a challenge in recent times. This challenge is partly due to the geographic proximity of the Atlantic Forest.

 

Because of their highly vascularised and permeable skins Spotila and Berman, 1976 , amphibians have a low capacity to handle increased salinity of the waters.

 

The geckonid lizards of the genus Carinatogecko Golubev and Szczerbak, 1981 encompass two distinct species endemic to the foothills of the Zagros Mountains, in Iran and Iraq:.

 

Dendropsophus giesleri Mertens, 1950 is a small tree frog that belongs to the Dendropsophus parviceps group Faivovich et al. , 2005. Formerly known.